«The proper use of cold and heat can accelerate the recovery of an injury,» Lapitz emphasized. Cold is mainly indicated in acute injuries, that is, those that have just occurred and present with inflammation or sudden pain, such as sprains, contusions, strains, or tendinitis, to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
On the other hand, he explained that heat has a very different effect, as it increases vascularization and promotes the arrival of regenerative substances to the tissues. It is mainly used in chronic injuries and joint stiffness problems, such as arthritis, as well as in muscle contractures or areas with accumulated tension.
HOW AND FOR HOW LONG?
According to Lapitz, cold should be applied during the first 48 hours after the injury occurs, with a frequency of between two and three hours and maintaining it for about 15 to 20 minutes. At this point, he warned that it should always be applied using a cloth or towel and never directly on the skin to avoid cold burns or frostbite.
Meanwhile, as heat aims to relax the muscles or improve mobility in stiff joints, it should be applied when there is no longer acute inflammation and the time and method should also be controlled. «It should not be prolonged for too long, and the sensitivity of the area should be monitored,» the expert pointed out.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Likewise, the traumatologist has specified that there are defined situations in which cold and heat should not be used for the recovery of an injury. In particular, he warned that people with altered sensitivity, such as those with diabetic neuropathy or peripheral nerve injuries, should not follow this remedy as they could suffer burns unknowingly.
Cold is also contraindicated in patients with vascular problems such as Raynaud’s syndrome, as it can worsen symptoms. Regarding heat, it should not be applied if there are recent hemorrhages or hematomas, as it could increase blood accumulation in the area; in these cases, cold is recommended. Neither heat nor cold are suitable for open wounds or infected areas.
With all this, Lapitz emphasized the usefulness of knowing how to correctly apply cold and heat to accelerate the recovery of an injury. In this sense, he mentioned that another option is contrast therapy, which involves alternating cold and heat, something that can be especially useful in chronic inflammations or some joint injuries to activate circulation and promote fluid reabsorption.